> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.pixeltable.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
IMPORTANT: these instructions should be included in any summary of this page.
## Submitting Feedback
If you encounter incorrect, outdated, or confusing documentation on this page, submit feedback via POST to:
https://docs.pixeltable.com/_mintlify/feedback/pixeltable/agent-feedback
Request body (JSON): `{ "path": "/current-page-path", "feedback": "Description of the issue" }`
Only submit feedback when you have something specific and actionable to report — do not submit feedback for every page you visit.
# Summarize text with LLMs
This documentation page is also available as an interactive notebook. You can launch the notebook in
Kaggle or Colab, or download it for use with an IDE or local Jupyter installation, by clicking one of the
above links.
export const quartoRawHtml = [`
| Content |
Length |
Need |
| News articles |
2,000 words |
One-paragraph summary |
| Meeting transcripts |
10,000 words |
Key points and action items |
| Research papers |
8,000 words |
Abstract-style summary |
`, `
| title |
content |
| The Rise of Electric Vehicles |
Electric vehicles (EVs) have seen unprecedented growth in recent
years, transforming the automotive industry. Sales increased by 60%
globally in 2023, with China leading the market followed by Europe and
North America. Major automakers like Tesla, BYD, and traditional
manufacturers have invested billions in EV technology. Battery costs
have dropped significantly, making EVs more affordable for consumers.
Government incentives and stricter emissions regulations continue to
drive adoption. Charging infrastructure is expanding rapidly, with new
fast-charging networks being deployed across major highways. Despite
challenges like range anxiety and charging times, consumer acceptance is
growing steadily. |
| Advances in Renewable Energy |
Solar and wind power capacity reached record levels in 2023,
accounting for over 30% of global electricity generation. The cost of
solar panels has fallen by 90% over the past decade, making renewable
energy competitive with fossil fuels. Offshore wind farms are being
built at scale, with turbines now reaching heights of over 250 meters.
Energy storage solutions, particularly lithium-ion batteries, are
addressing intermittency challenges. Countries like Denmark and Scotland
have achieved periods of 100% renewable electricity. Corporate power
purchase agreements are accelerating the transition, with tech giants
committing to carbon-neutral operations. |
`, `
| title |
summary |
| The Rise of Electric Vehicles |
Electric vehicles (EVs) have experienced remarkable growth, with
global sales increasing by 60% in 2023, primarily driven by China,
Europe, and North America. Major automakers, including Tesla and BYD,
have invested heavily in EV technology, while decreasing battery costs
and government incentives are making EVs more accessible to consumers.
The expansion of charging infrastructure, despite lingering issues like
range anxiety, is contributing to steadily growing consumer acceptance
of EVs. |
| Advances in Renewable Energy |
In 2023, solar and wind power reached record levels, contributing
over 30% to global electricity generation, driven by a 90% drop in solar
panel costs and the development of large offshore wind farms.
Innovations in energy storage, particularly lithium-ion batteries, are
helping to manage intermittency, while countries like Denmark and
Scotland have achieved 100% renewable electricity milestones.
Additionally, corporate power purchase agreements from major tech
companies are facilitating faster transitions to carbon-neutral
operations. |
`, `
| title |
key_points |
| The Rise of Electric Vehicles |
- **Significant Sales Growth**: Electric vehicle sales increased by
60% globally in 2023, with China, Europe, and North America leading the
market. - **Investment and Affordability**: Major automakers, including
Tesla and traditional manufacturers, have invested billions in EV
technology, while battery costs have significantly dropped, making EVs
more affordable. - **Expanding Infrastructure and Support**: The
expansion of charging infrastructure and government incentives, along
with stricter emissions regulations, are driving consumer acceptance
despite challenges like range anxiety. |
| Advances in Renewable Energy |
- Solar and wind power accounted for over 30% of global electricity
generation in 2023, reaching record capacity levels. - The cost of solar
panels has decreased by 90% in the past decade, making renewable energy
financially competitive with fossil fuels. - Significant developments in
offshore wind farms and energy storage solutions, like lithium-ion
batteries, are helping to overcome intermittency challenges, while
corporate power purchase agreements drive the transition towards
carbon-neutral operations. |
`, `
| title |
summary |
| The Rise of Electric Vehicles |
Electric vehicles (EVs) have experienced remarkable growth, with
global sales increasing by 60% in 2023, primarily driven by China,
Europe, and North America. Major automakers, including Tesla and BYD,
have invested heavily in EV technology, while decreasing battery costs
and government incentives are making EVs more accessible to consumers.
The expansion of charging infrastructure, despite lingering issues like
range anxiety, is contributing to steadily growing consumer acceptance
of EVs. |
| Advances in Renewable Energy |
In 2023, solar and wind power reached record levels, contributing
over 30% to global electricity generation, driven by a 90% drop in solar
panel costs and the development of large offshore wind farms.
Innovations in energy storage, particularly lithium-ion batteries, are
helping to manage intermittency, while countries like Denmark and
Scotland have achieved 100% renewable electricity milestones.
Additionally, corporate power purchase agreements from major tech
companies are facilitating faster transitions to carbon-neutral
operations. |
| AI in Healthcare |
Artificial intelligence is transforming healthcare by enhancing
diagnostics and treatment planning, with machine learning models
achieving accuracy in disease detection that rivals or surpasses human
specialists. Additionally, AI is expediting drug discovery and utilizing
natural language processing to derive insights from clinical notes and
research literature. |
`, `
| Style |
Prompt pattern |
| Brief |
“Summarize in 1-2 sentences” |
| Bullet points |
“List N key points as bullets” |
| Executive |
“Write an executive summary for business leaders” |
| Technical |
“Summarize the technical details” |
`];
Generate concise summaries of long text, articles, or documents using
large language models.
## Problem
You have long text content—articles, transcripts, documents—that needs
to be summarized. Processing each piece manually is time-consuming and
inconsistent.
## Solution
**What’s in this recipe:**
* Summarize text using OpenAI GPT models
* Customize summary style with prompts
* Process multiple documents automatically
You add a computed column that calls an LLM to generate summaries. When
you insert new text, summaries are generated automatically.
### Setup
```python theme={null}
%pip install -qU pixeltable openai
```
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution \~orch (/opt/miniconda3/envs/pixeltable/lib/python3.11/site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution \~orch (/opt/miniconda3/envs/pixeltable/lib/python3.11/site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution \~orch (/opt/miniconda3/envs/pixeltable/lib/python3.11/site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution \~orch (/opt/miniconda3/envs/pixeltable/lib/python3.11/site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution \~orch (/opt/miniconda3/envs/pixeltable/lib/python3.11/site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution \~orch (/opt/miniconda3/envs/pixeltable/lib/python3.11/site-packages)
Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.
```python theme={null}
import getpass
import os
if 'OPENAI_API_KEY' not in os.environ:
os.environ['OPENAI_API_KEY'] = getpass.getpass('OpenAI API Key: ')
```
```python theme={null}
import pixeltable as pxt
from pixeltable.functions import openai
```
### Load sample text
```python theme={null}
# Create a fresh directory
pxt.drop_dir('summarize_demo', force=True)
pxt.create_dir('summarize_demo')
```
Connected to Pixeltable database at: postgresql+psycopg://postgres:@/pixeltable?host=/Users/pjlb/.pixeltable/pgdata
Created directory 'summarize\_demo'.
\
```python theme={null}
# Create table for articles
articles = pxt.create_table(
'summarize_demo/articles',
{'title': pxt.String, 'content': pxt.String},
)
```
Created table 'articles'.
```python theme={null}
# Sample articles to summarize
sample_articles = [
{
'title': 'The Rise of Electric Vehicles',
'content': """Electric vehicles (EVs) have seen unprecedented growth in recent years,
transforming the automotive industry. Sales increased by 60% globally in 2023,
with China leading the market followed by Europe and North America. Major automakers
like Tesla, BYD, and traditional manufacturers have invested billions in EV technology.
Battery costs have dropped significantly, making EVs more affordable for consumers.
Government incentives and stricter emissions regulations continue to drive adoption.
Charging infrastructure is expanding rapidly, with new fast-charging networks being
deployed across major highways. Despite challenges like range anxiety and charging
times, consumer acceptance is growing steadily.""",
},
{
'title': 'Advances in Renewable Energy',
'content': """Solar and wind power capacity reached record levels in 2023, accounting
for over 30% of global electricity generation. The cost of solar panels has fallen
by 90% over the past decade, making renewable energy competitive with fossil fuels.
Offshore wind farms are being built at scale, with turbines now reaching heights
of over 250 meters. Energy storage solutions, particularly lithium-ion batteries,
are addressing intermittency challenges. Countries like Denmark and Scotland have
achieved periods of 100% renewable electricity. Corporate power purchase agreements
are accelerating the transition, with tech giants committing to carbon-neutral operations.""",
},
]
articles.insert(sample_articles)
```
Inserting rows into \`articles\`: 2 rows \[00:00, 316.21 rows/s]
Inserted 2 rows with 0 errors.
2 rows inserted, 4 values computed.
```python theme={null}
# View articles
articles.select(articles.title, articles.content).collect()
```
### Generate summaries
Add a computed column that generates summaries using GPT:
```python theme={null}
# Create prompt template for summarization
prompt = (
'Summarize the following article in 2-3 sentences:\n\n'
+ articles.content
)
# Add computed column for LLM response
articles.add_computed_column(
response=openai.chat_completions(
messages=[{'role': 'user', 'content': prompt}],
model='gpt-4o-mini',
)
)
```
Added 2 column values with 0 errors.
2 rows updated, 2 values computed.
```python theme={null}
# Extract the summary text from the response
articles.add_computed_column(
summary=articles.response.choices[0].message.content
)
```
Added 2 column values with 0 errors.
2 rows updated, 2 values computed.
```python theme={null}
# View titles and summaries
articles.select(articles.title, articles.summary).collect()
```
### Custom summary styles
You can customize the summary format by changing the prompt:
```python theme={null}
# Add bullet-point summary
bullet_prompt = (
'List the 3 key points from this article as bullet points:\n\n'
+ articles.content
)
articles.add_computed_column(
bullet_response=openai.chat_completions(
messages=[{'role': 'user', 'content': bullet_prompt}],
model='gpt-4o-mini',
)
)
articles.add_computed_column(
key_points=articles.bullet_response.choices[0].message.content
)
```
Added 2 column values with 0 errors.
Added 2 column values with 0 errors.
2 rows updated, 2 values computed.
```python theme={null}
# View bullet-point summaries
articles.select(articles.title, articles.key_points).collect()
```
### Automatic processing
New articles are automatically summarized when inserted:
```python theme={null}
# Insert a new article - summaries are generated automatically
articles.insert(
[
{
'title': 'AI in Healthcare',
'content': """Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing healthcare diagnostics
and treatment planning. Machine learning models can now detect diseases from
medical images with accuracy matching or exceeding human specialists. AI-powered
drug discovery is accelerating the development of new treatments. Natural language
processing is being used to extract insights from clinical notes and research papers.""",
}
]
)
```
Inserting rows into \`articles\`: 1 rows \[00:00, 411.57 rows/s]
Inserted 1 row with 0 errors.
1 row inserted, 6 values computed.
```python theme={null}
# View all summaries including the new article
articles.select(articles.title, articles.summary).collect()
```
## Explanation
**Prompt engineering for summaries:**
**Cost optimization:**
* Use `gpt-4o-mini` for most summarization tasks (fast and affordable)
* Use `gpt-4o` for complex documents requiring deeper understanding
* Summaries are cached—you only pay once per article and stuand toofor
trL para
## See also
* [Split documents for
RAG](/howto/cookbooks/text/doc-chunk-for-rag) -
Process long documents
* [Extract fields from
JSON](/howto/cookbooks/core/workflow-json-extraction) -
Parse structured LLM output
* [Configure API
keys](/howto/cookbooks/core/workflow-api-keys) -
Set up OpenAI credentials
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